Re-thinking, 69–71, with refutation by Gundry, Church and Tribulation, 125. English argues that the article ἡ marks the ἀποστασία out as something about which the readers were already informed; true: they had been informed about it by Paul when he was with them (v 5). A general revolt by Israel against the law of God was foretold for the end-time by some Jewish schools of thought (e.g. in Jub 23:14–23; cf. b. Sanh. 97). Davies (“Paul and the People of Israel,” 8) identifies the ἀποστασία foretold